DragonsDean Enterprise

  In today’s fast-paced world of connectivity, deploying a telecom site — whether 4G or 5G — is the backbone of building reliable communication networks. From raw land to a fully operational base station, each step in the process ensures that millions of users can connect, communicate, and stay online seamlessly. Here’s a complete yet simplified breakdown of what goes into turning a blueprint into a live telecom site. The process begins with site acquisition and planning , where engineers identify ideal locations based on coverage needs, capacity requirements, and terrain analysis. Radio Frequency (RF) surveys and line-of-sight studies are conducted to ensure optimal performance, while land or rooftop rights, community consent, and zoning permits are secured. Environmental and regulatory compliance checks complete this foundational stage. Next comes the site survey and civil works phase. Teams assess the location’s structural and electrical suitability, plan for grounding and po...

  Credits   In a world increasingly hungry for faster, more secure, and more efficient data transmission, a new contender is stepping into the spotlight—literally. Light Fidelity, or LiFi, is a cutting-edge wireless communication technology that uses light to transmit data. Imagine browsing the internet through your desk lamp or streaming 4K video via your ceiling light. Sounds futuristic? It’s already happening. What Is LiFi? LiFi stands for Light Fidelity, a form of Visible Light Communication (VLC). Unlike WiFi, which uses radio waves, LiFi transmits data using modulated light signals, typically from LED bulbs. These signals are invisible to the human eye but can be picked up by photodetectors and converted into digital information. How Does It Work? LED Light Source: LEDs are rapidly switched on and off to encode data. This flickering is imperceptible to humans. Photodetector: A receiver captures the light signals and decodes them into usable data. Bi-directional Communica...

    In my childhood years I used to think of a possibility of having a talking robot, like computer assisted driving or living room companion. It was promising when I learned about neural networks, back then computers wasn't that fast enough to process things and it took time for computer to catch up with me perhaps. I had a few collection of video and audio recordings of my family growing up together. I used voice recordings, trim clips to play only the voice that I wanted to hear - that was in high school. And when technology progresses I digitize all of the recordings and put it on a server and let technology process it. I been exploring the creation of digital personalities that mimic human behavior and cognition, authored by AI and with my own curiosity. Of course there are technical foundations needed to develop advanced digital personas, and the integration of ontologies, natural language processing (NLP), and dialogue generation. Ontologies are highlighted for their ro...

  Before the PABX came along, businesses had to use human operators to connect calls by hand. The process was time-consuming and efficiency was lacking. PABX systems made this whole process automatic. PABX was originally designed to connect to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). This meant that all outgoing calls were routed through traditional telephone lines, which were managed by telecom companies. In time, as technology evolved, many PABX systems started transitioning to Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). PBX telephone systems were manually operated, requiring human operators to connect calls. When technology evolve, PABX systems emerged, automating the call routing process and adding more sophisticated features. In modern day, many PABX systems have transitioned to IP-PBX, which uses internet protocols for communication, offering even more flexibility and cost savings. Private Automatic Branch Exchange (PABX) was made possible by the arrival of the capability to elec...

  Credit | Jeswin on Freepik   Small cells are low-powered cellular radio access points used for voice, video, and data transmission, designed to provide network coverage to smaller areas. These transmission points called “nodes” are placed close to end users, located in both indoors and outdoors, and operated in a licensed, shared, or unlicensed spectrum. Small cells are a form of infrastructure for handling very dense voice, video, and data traffic demands because they provide capacity, which allows for faster, more reliable wireless service. Small cells installed outdoors on city infrastructure like street lights, utility poles, and light poles will often already have power infrastructure in-place. While small cells deployed indoors can source power from the building in which they provide service. In outdoor settings, wireless microwave connections can also be used for the purposes of small cell back-haul, the method used to transport voice, video, and data traffic from a s...

  Fiber to the Premise The Outside Plant System (OSP) represents all of the physical cables, equipment and locations outside of a building. In the example above , outside plant starts at the point at which the distribution cabling leaves the central office, and ends at the termination point on the outside of a premise receiving internet service. All of the physical, tangible assets that enable your network between two “inside” locations make up the outside plant network. It encompasses a wide array of components, including cables, conduits, cabinets, poles, and manholes, among others. OSP serves as the backbone that connects various network elements, such as cell towers, data centers, and central offices, enabling the delivery of services to end-users. The significance of OSP in telecom cannot be downplayed. It provides the necessary pathways for data and voice signals to travel from one point to another, enabling seamless connectivity and communication. OSP installations are cruci...

  It isn't that the country's regulatory landscape makes it difficult for internet service providers to put up the necessary infrastructure.  Actually the approval of electronics systems designs and plans in the city and municipal areas isn't difficult, it was most likely because they could not enforce the law. And also corrupt government officials exploit this lack of enforcement to steal money from the telecommunication companies. The Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT), has released memorandum circulars on RA 9292, Electronics Engineering Law of 2004 regarding its implementation. The Local Government Units should already have a guide in formulating a unified and defined set of procedures in the releasing electronics permit and in the checking and approving of electronics system plans and designs. The country's regulatory landscape NEVER make...

Photo Credits | Camila Fernández León Renewable energy are natural and self-replenishing, and usually have a low- or zero-carbon footprint. Examples of renewable energy sources include wind power, solar power, bio-energy (organic matter burned as a fuel) and hydroelectric, including tidal energy.  Renewable energy engineers develop and design systems to use energy from renewable resources, such as the sun, wind, and water. Renewable resources are energy sources that are naturally and continually replaced. They are alternatives to nonrenewable resources such as coal, oil, and natural gas that do not replenish themselves, and are environmentally destructive. It's crucial to gain specialized expertise. Focus on understanding the electronic components that are vital for renewable energy systems, such as inverters, which convert direct current (DC) from solar panels into alternating current (AC) for use in homes and businesses. Familiarize yourself with energy storage systems, ...

  Photo Credits | Igor In a distributed antenna system (DAS), a single signal source is connected to a group of antennas instead of to a single antenna. A distributed antenna system is most often used to distribute cellular network coverage to heavily populated buildings, such as offices, high-rise apartments, shopping centers or sports stadiums. The Telecommunication facility is one of the major parts of the building utility to provide communications. The building owner shall provide space to house the telecommunication facility of the building. The distributed antenna system is part of the telecommunication facility of the building. The distributed antenna system, is an in-building solution comprising of a number of pico cells to provide wireless coverage and services using 2G. 3G, 4G, 5G, and even 6G wireless access technology. Definite number of antennas constitutes one single sector; this means that these set of antennas are strategically installed inside a building / compoun...

Photo Credits | Wirestock on Freepik Within building premises, the importance of extra low voltage systems such as the cabling infrastructure  is similar to that of other fundamental building utilities  like heating, cooling, lighting, and main power. As with other utilities, interruptions to service can have a serious impact. Poor quality of service due to lack of design foresight, use of inappropriate components, incorrect or improper installation, poor administration or inadequate support can threaten an organization's effectiveness. The cabling infrastructure within premises comprised both the application specific and multipurpose networks. The initial Philippine Electronics Code volume II edition discusses rules and standards for the Electronics and Communications Industry in planning for building telephone facilities geared towards the lowest possible costs, consistent with aesthetic  and safe practices, and which will result in minimum maintenance, future re-arran...

    The effectiveness of using a single or multiple camera CCTV (Closed-Circuit Television) solutions depends on various factors and the specific security requirements. Single Camera Advantages The main advantage is cost-effective, they are more budget-friendly initially. Managing and maintaining a single camera is straightforward. Limitations A single camera can cover a specific are and detect obstacles or incidents, it only provides a restricted field of view. Blind spots may exist. If it is not positioned optimally, it may miss critical events. No backup if the camera fails or malfunction. Deploying a single camera is cost-effective and generally a good choice if the application is small. Multiple Camera Advantages Multiple cameras can cover larger areas, reducing blind spots. If one camera fails, other continue monitoring. Different camera type can be strategically placed. Multiple angles aid in identifying individual or incidents. View different areas simultaneously on a ...

    Cisco Meraki MX Firewalls is a Unified Threat Management (UTM) and Software-Defined WAN solution. As a UTM product, Meraki MX provides content filtering, app-specific traffic control, intrusion prevention, malware protection, and site-to-site VPN that is deployable on hardware or virtually. It also enables firewall management remotely for 24x7 monitoring and accessibility. Users are able to deploy, monitor, and configure their Meraki devices via the Meraki dashboard web interface or via APIs. Once a user makes a configuration change, the change request is sent to the Meraki cloud and is then pushed to the relevant device(s).   Meraki Cloud Architecture The Meraki cloud is the backbone of the Meraki management solution. This "cloud" is a collection of highly reliable multi-tenant servers strategically distributed around the world at Meraki data centers and select public cloud service providers. For the remainder of this document we will refer to both the Meraki...

  Most CPU launches include a lot of stories, leaks, and fanfare – with curious mind rushing to get new updates, system integrators updating their product lines, and enthusiasts doing everything they can to get their hands on one of the new models. The latest processors from AMD and Intel, however, lack almost all of that. AMD's new Ryzen "XT" processors and Intel's new Core i9 10850K are so close in performance to the original models that there should be no perceptible difference in real-world usage. I've been switching between these chips to know which is good for rendering. Unfortunately none of these are the best or fastest CPUs for rendering, that honor goes to AMD's Threadripper 3rd Gen lineup. Intel actually released a slightly slower model – presumably to help alleviate some of the supply issues with the Core i9 10900K. The new Core i9 10850K is essentially the same as the 10900K, only with 100MHz lower base and Maximum Turbo Boost clock speeds.  Does ...

  Abbreviation Dimension Tolerance L [Length] 68.8 mm(2.71 in.) 1.02 mm (0.040 in.) H [Height] 35.1 mm (1.38 in.) 0.90 mm (0.035 in.) T [Depth] 1.40 mm (0.055 in.) 0.64 mm (0.0.25 in.) R [Corner Radius] 4.06 mm (0.160 in.) max -- C [Distance to first obstruction] 30.5 mm (1.2 in.) min --   Design Consideration for specification from subscriber outlet to subscriber terminal. At least one TV box shall be planned for each room with the following construction and dimension. Wall plates shall have a 75 ohms barrel splice "F" female both ends 3/8" - 32 threads per inch mounted in the center. A washer and nut, matched specifically in the female splice adapter, shall secure the barrel splice to the wall plate. When attaching the cable to the splice adapter, special care shall be taken to avoid over tightening.  EXCERPTS | Cable Television System B...

  Emergency Communication Systems (ECS) are designed to alert and evacuate occupants of a building in case of emergency situations. This is a segment of an Fire Detection and Alarm System that broadcasts the existence of a fire or an emergency situation, or sends information necessary to facilitate an appropriate action. ECS Basic Types Emergency Voice Alarm Communication (EVAC) This is a segment of an Fire Detection and Alarm System that broadcasts information during an emergency to the occupants of a building or facility and instructs appropriate actions to them, such as evacuating. it is conveyed by audible or visible means, or both. Two-way Emergency Communications System This is a segment intended for use by the building fire safety personnel or by the fire fighters and first responders to both exchange information and to communicate information, such as condition of local environment, condition of persons, to give assurance that help is on the way, or any other instructions. ...

  Kidde EOL-15 End of Line Resistor 15K Ohm The function of an end of line (EOL) resistor is to monitor the integrity of the circuit in a fire alarm system. This is achieved by placing the resistor at the end of the wiring loop, completing the electrical circuit. The control panel of the fire alarm system continuously monitors the resistance of the circuit, which should match the resistance value of the EOL resistor. Any changes from readings may indicate a potential issue, prompting the system to signal a trouble condition. An EOL resistor should always be installed as the last device in the loop and never inside the control panel. Placing resistors anywhere other than the end of the line does not serve a purpose. Open Circuit Detection When there is a break in the wiring or a device is disconnected, it creates an open circuit. This means that the electrical current cannot complete its path through the circuit, resulting in an increase in resistance. The EOL resistor, pl...

    The alarm sound from audible notification appliances shall b e clearly audible throughout the floor and / or  building in which they are installed. It should be sufficient to warn and initiate evacuation of all occupants for whom the alarm sound is intended. A sufficient number of audible notifications appliances shall be used to produce a minimum sound level of 65 dBA, or 10 dB above the ambient noise level having a duration of at least 30 seconds, whichever is greater, measured 1.4 meters above the floor in the area required to be served by the system. The sound level produced by audible notification appliances and the ambient noise combined shall not exceed 115 dBA. If the sound level required is higher than 115 dBA, visual notification appliances such as strobes shall be used in addition to the audible notification appliances generating the maximum allowable sound level. In bars, nightclubs, and other entertainment places where the ambient noise level is high, the...

  Each building shall have at least one fire alarm control panel (FACP). However, two or more panels networked together shall be required in the following setting below. ♦ If the number of buildings in a multi-building complex exceeds three, or; ♦ If the total floor area of all the buildings in a multi-building  complex exceeds 40,000 square meters. For each panel in the network shall protect approximately the same floor area.   In a network of panels, there shall be at least one network display that shows the alarms and troubles of all panels in the network. The network display shall also be able to acknowledge, silence, and reset all alarms and trouble alerts. Location and Environments The fire alarm control panel or network display shall be located in the fire command center of the building or complex. In the absence of a fire command center, it should be located ideally in a position clearly visible from the main entrance of a lobby. However, if it is located in anoth...